Maxillofacial Fractures in Makka City in Saudi Arabia; an 8-year Review of Practice

Mazen Almasri^1, , Dina Amin², Anas F AboOla² and Jamil Shargawi²

¹Umm Alqura University, Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Saudi Arabia / Consultant at Alnoor Specialist Hospital

²Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital

Cite this paper

Mazen Almasri, Dina Amin, Anas F AboOla and Jamil Shargawi. Maxillofacial Fractures in Makka City in Saudi Arabia; an 8-year Review of Practice. American Journal of Public Health Research. 2015; 3(2):56-59. doi: 10.12691/AJPHR-3-2-4

Abstract

Objective: to review the practice of maxillofacial trauma surgery in Makka city, Saudi Arabia, as road traffic accidents is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the kingdom. Materials and methods: a chart review of all the maxillofacial trauma cases that visited the major hospital in the city, Alnoor specialist hospital (NSH), from October 2005 to October 2013 was collected. A total of 1132 patients’ records were retrieved. Amongst, 965 maxillofacial injuries were included in the study as completed information was found. Charts of incomplete records, soft tissue injuries only, or solitary dental injury were excluded. Then, pertinent information such as age, gender, residence status, and fracture pattern were extracted, tabulated, and correlated. Results: it was presented that males were affected four times more than females (ratio of 4.4:1), of an age ranged from 3 years old to 97 with a mean of 51 years old, and patients of 1 to 16 years old counting 135 cases (11.9%), while the age between 17 – 45 years counting 856 (75.7%), and the age 46 – 97 counting 139 (12.3%). The majority of injuries was involving the lower facial third (mandible) by 523 cases (54.19%), then the middle third that include Zygomatic maxillary complex (ZMC) by 399 cases (41.3%; p=0.006), orbital floor by 25 cases (2.5%), and upper third (nasal, ethmoid, orbital, and frontal bar) fractures of 18 cases (1.8%). The ratio of Saudi patients to non Saudi was found to be 1.89:1. Conclusion: The maxillofacial injuries in Makka city are mainly affecting male patients aged between 17-45 years old with the mandible and middle face fractures being most commonly injured respectively.

Keywords

maxillofacial, facial trauma, fracture, Saudi Arabia, mandible, zygoma

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Mazen Almasri. Severity and Causality of Maxillofacial Injuries in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia, The Saudi Dental Journal. 2013; 25: 107-110.
[2]	Walid Abdulla, Khalid Almutairi, Yasir AlAli, Abdulla Alsughair, Abdulla Ashnwani. Patterns and etiology of maxillofacial fractures in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Dental J. 2013; 25: 33-38.
[3]	Rabi A.G., Khateery S.M. Maxillofacial trauma in al madina region of Saudi Arabia: a 5-year retrospective study. Asian J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2002; 14(1), 10-14.
[4]	Motamedi, M.H. An assessment of maxillofacial fractures: a 5- year study of 237 patients. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2003; 61(1), 61-64.
[5]	Heckle W, Hausberger K, Sailer R, Ulmer H, Gassner R. Prevelance of cervical spine injuriesin patients with facial trauma, Oral surg oral med oral path oral radio endodon. 2001; 92(4): 370-376.
[6]	Bener A., Crundall D. Road traffic accidents in the United Arab Emirates compared to Western countries. Adv. Transporta- tion Stud. 2005; 6, 5-12.
[7]	Gusztav, Klenk, Adam, Kovacs. Etiology and patterns of facial fractures in the United Arab Emirates. J. Craniofac. Surg. 2003; 14(1), 78-84.
[8]	Ozkaya O., Turgut G., Kayali M.U., Ug ̆ urlu K., Kuran I., Babs L. A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2009; 15(3), 262-266.
[9]	Maliska M.C.S., Lima ju ́nior S.M., Gil J.N. Analysis of 185 maxillofacial fractures in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Oral Res. 2009; 23(3), 268-274.
[10]	Metcalfe D, Boumara O, Parsons NR, Aletari MO, Lecky FE, Costa ML. Effect of regional truma centralization on volume, injury severity and outcomesof injured patientsadmitted to trauma centers, British J of surgery. 2014; 101(8): 959-64.
[11]	Gassner R., Tuli T., Ha ̈ chl O., Rudisch A, Ulmer H. Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 2003;31(1), 51-61.