by Anthony I. Wegbom, Joshua O. Akinyemi and Clement K. Edet
Original Research
Background: Infant and child mortality remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria and other parts of the developing world with rural areas sharing the largest burden which of course have devastating effects on concerned mothers and the population at large. This study was conducted to determine the effect of frailty and which of infant or child mortality is most affected by unobserved heterogeneity in Rural Nigeria. Methods: Data from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. Weibull frailty models were fitted. The frailty effects, Hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Results: The frailty value in infant and child mortality are 51.8 and 56.5 percent respectively, which means that the covariates in infant and child models explained 48.2 percent and 43.5 percent family variation in infant and child deaths in rural Nigeria. Conclusion:Child mortality is more affected by unobserved heterogeneity than infant mortality in rural Nigeria.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2018, 6(1), 21-25. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-6-1-5
Pub. Date: February 02, 2018
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by Ekayanti Hafidah Ahmad, Alimin Maidin, Tahir Abdullah, Furqaan Naiem, Syahruni Buraerah, Rika Handayanif and Prihantono Prihantono
Original Research
Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between work stress to the performance of Intensive Care Unit nurses in Makassar Hospital. Method: This is quantitative research with the observational method using cross-sectional study. Samples were taken as many as 36 people as respondents conducted by using proportionate random sampling. Data collected through observation, interview, and documentation by using questionnaires Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the data was analyzed through Gamma & Somer’s d test. Result: Female nurses in the ICU who suffered severe job stress, 91.7% have less performance, the correlation value of 0.522, significant with p-value = 0.001.Conclusion: This study shows that there is a relationship between work stress to the performance of Intensive Care Unit nurses in Makassar city hospitals. Lack of staff and lack of sleep regarded as physical stressors that can reduce the performance of ICU nurses.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2018, 6(1), 18-20. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-6-1-4
Pub. Date: January 22, 2018
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by Rika Handayani, Tahir Abdullah, Furqaan Naiem, Anwar Mallongi, Rahmat Haji Saeni, Ekayanti Hafidah Ahmad and Prihantono Prihantono
Original Research
Background. Operating room is one of the many workplace hazards. In the operating room nurses and other health personnel at risk of exposure to chemicals. One type of inhalation anesthetic gas that is isoflurane (foran, aeran). Isoflurane a halogenated hydrocarbon compounds volatile ether. Exposure to halogenated anesthetic gases can result in effects on reproductive health. Method.The study design used is Retrospective cohort, with a sample size of 16 exposed and 16 unexposed. Mechanical sampling random sampling. Data analysis used independent t-test. Results. The results showed that exposure status isoflurane effect on fertility disorder where there are differences in average significantly between hormone gene expression estrogen the exposed group (9.35 ± 1.78) and unexposed (11.65 ± 1.44) with values p = 0.013 (p < 0.05). The tenure of the effect on fertility disorder where there are differences in average significantly between the tenure of the hormone gene expression estrogen namely the working period of 5-9 years (11.84 ± 1.16) and ≥10 years (8.52 ± 0.94) with values p = 0.006 ( p < 0.05). Hormone gene expression estrogen effect on fertility disorder where there are differences in average significantly between hormone gene expression estrogen against fertility disorder that nurses are experiencing hormonal changes in gene expression estrogen risk of impaired fertility (8.52 ± 0.94) and that did not change hormone gene expression estrogen not at risk of reduced fertility (11.69 ± 1.33) with values p = < 0.001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on this it is expected that the Health and Safety at Work Hospital perform periodic monitoring the work environment primarily in the operating room.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2018, 6(1), 11-17. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-6-1-3
Pub. Date: January 22, 2018
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by Bolaji Samson Aregbeshola and Samina Mohsin Khan
Original Research
Background: Health facility-based delivery has been considered to be an important factor in reducing maternal and child deaths. Evidence suggests that 63 per cent of women aged 15-49 years deliver at home. This study seeks to examine the effect of health facility-based delivery on child mortality in Nigeria. Methods: Secondary data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey was used. Variables on place of delivery as well as demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the study sample were analysed. Data analysis was carried out using STATA 12. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Results showed that health facility-based delivery was not significantly associated with child mortality. However, being a child of women aged 25-34 years, being a child of women aged 35 years or older, being a child of a woman with secondary or higher education, being a child of a woman living in rural area, being a child of a woman living in North West region, being a child of a woman living in South East region, being a child of a married woman, being a child of a woman with more than five members, being a child of a woman with 2-4 birth order, being a child of a woman with five or more birth order, being a child of a woman with 3 and 4 children and being a child of a woman with five or more children were significantly associated with child mortality. Conclusions: Our study concludes that health facility-based delivery is not a significant predictor of child mortality in Nigeria. However, demographic and socio-economic factors were significantly associated with child mortality. Therefore, policy makers need to target these factors in their effort to reduce child mortality.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2018, 6(1), 4-10. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-6-1-2
Pub. Date: January 16, 2018
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by Iyaji Florence Oyibo, Abuh Aishat, Yaro Clement Ameh and Mohammed Danjuma
Original Research
Background: Waterborne and sanitation-related infections are one of the major contributors to diseases burden and mortality in the world with children and poor individuals in rural areas being the most affected. Different parasitic diseases such as giardiasis, toxoplasmodiasis, amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis have been associated with contaminated drinking water. In this study, a survey on the parasitic contamination of drinking water sources was carried out in Anyigba and Iyale of Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria, to evaluate the level of contamination of water sources and their public health implications. Materials andMethods: Water samples were collected from five sample streams in the selected communities. The water samples were examined for parasites using formal saline concentration method. A drop of sediment obtained after centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 6 minutes was placed on a clean glass slide and viewed under the microscope at x10 and x40 objectives. The parasites were identified using the standard keys of Cheesbrough (2006). Results: A total of twelve waterborne parasites were observed in the water samples collected from the five streams with an overall prevalence of 15.6%. The individual prevalence of these parasites were 4.4% (Entamoebaspecies), 4.0%(Schistosomahaematobium),2.6% (Giardiaduodenale), 1.6% (Diphyllobothriumlatum), 1.6%(Strongyloidesstercoralis), 1.6%(Gastrodiscoideshominis), 1.2% (Trichuris trichiura),1.2% (Taeniaspecies), 0.8% (Ascarislumbricoides), 0.8% (Hook worm), 0.8% (Isospora rivolta)and 0.4%(Hymenolepisdiminuta). The prevalence of the parasites in the streams were 24.0% (Abujalake), 16.0% (Ajidam and Oganaji), 12.0% (Ajieko) and 10.0% (Ajietito).
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2018, 6(1), 1-3. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-6-1-1
Pub. Date: January 08, 2018
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