by Morsy A. Aboelgoud, Ahmad M. Alessi and Ahmad M.Ihab
Original Research
Background: Diabetes mellitus is an unpredictable issue that is portrayed by hyperglycemia coming about because of breakdown in insulin discharge and activity. As of late curcumin extract have been reported to be useful in treatment of type II diabetes. Aim of the work: In this research curcumin extract was used instead of chemical drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: 30 male adult albino rats aged 5-7 months and their average weight was 150-200 grams were divided into three groups. The first one (n=10) control group, the second group (n=10) was injected with a single dose of alloxan (42 mg/kg). The third group (n=10) was injected with alloxan and after 3 days was received curcumin extract orally 80mg/kgm daily for one month. The rats were scarified after the last dose of the drug and their pancreases were removed, fixed and different sections were prepared and stained for light microscope study. Results:After induction of diabetes the islets of Langerhans revealed architectural disarray. The islets cells showed atrophy in size with cellular necrobiosis associated with cystic dilatation and luminal eosinophilic casts. The intensity anti-insulin antibody reaction was decreased. So donation of curcumin extract reduced the islets cells damage and increase in the intensity of anti-insulin antibody reaction. Conclusion:The present study revealed that curcumin extract has potential effect in treatment of type II diabetes.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2019, 7(6), 217-221. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-7-6-5
Pub. Date: December 29, 2019
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by Ahmed Yasin Mohammed and Abate Lette Wodera
Original Research
Background:Immunization is a proven vaccination tools in preventing and eradicating communicable disease. Even though increase in global immunization coverage many children around the world especially in developing countries still left unvaccinated. About one million children in Ethiopia were unvaccinated in 2007 and only 20% of the countries children are fully vaccinated in 2005. Objectives: To assess immunization status and factors affecting it among children aged 12-23 months in Goba town. Method: A cross sectional community based study was conducted from April 28 to May 04, 2016 in Goba town, Bale zone, southeast of Ethiopia using pretest, structured questioner and a systematic random sampling was used and data collected through face to face interview. A total of 280 children of aged between 12-23 months from 280 household were selected. Data was by using SPSS 20 software. Result: In this study 94.6% of children were vaccine. About 99.6% 0f mothers heard about vaccination and vaccine preventable disease and 94.6% awarded correctly the benefit of immunization. About 52.1% of children were fully vaccinated by card plus recall, and 5.4% children were unvaccinated. Conclusion: There is low immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in the town. Antenatal care follow up, institutional delivery and awareness of mothers about the age at which child begins and finishes the vaccination are significant predictor of child immunization status.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2019, 7(6), 209-216. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-7-6-4
Pub. Date: December 22, 2019
8400 Views1207 Downloads
by Olaniru B Olumide, Nedolisa Angela C, Song Elisha, Alla O Joel, Oyero Steve K, Obeta M Uchejeso, Michael E Paul, Isiguzoro Ikechukwu OU, Fiyaktu Yakubu Bwotle, Ntuhun Bala Dennis, Iheanacho U Charity, Caroline Andrew, Jugu P Kizito, Zingdam Nanfa, Kwanem Tracy and Mwanse Y Sarah
Original Research
Background:Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are drawing increasing attention from patients, care-givers, government and regulatory bodies. This is not only because of the problem in terms of the associated morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment but also due to the growing recognition that most of these are preventable. Justification: The medical community is witnessing an unprecedented advancement of infections transmission. There is now undisputed evidence that strict adherence to hand hygiene reduces the potential risk of cross-transmission of infection among patients to their relations and even to the medical practitioners. Aim and objectives:The study creates awareness among patients and relatives towards reducing cross infection in tertiary hospital in Jos. Methodology:The study used a survey method to assess the patients’ relations in Jos University teaching Hospital (JUTH) using 345 volunteers. Responses on 12 variables were assessed and analyzed using SPSS 21. Result:162 (47.o %) males and 183 (53.0%) female relatives participated. 234 (67.2%) of the patients relative are from the age of 40 years and below. 200 (58.0%) participants are urban dwellers, 140 (40.6%) rural dwellers and only 5 (1.4%) did not indicate their location. Educational background shows that 18 (5.2%) of patient’s relations are illiterate, 34 (9.9%) attended at least primary school while 116 (33.6%) have attended secondary school level and about 177 (51.3%) have attended up to tertiary education. Knowledge of Hospital acquired infections gave 284 (82.3%) Yes and 61 (17.7%) had not heard of HAIs. On the knowledge of pathogens transmission 296 (85.8%) said Yes and (13.6%) had no knowledge of it. On the knowledge of hand hygiene, 297 (86.1%) were aware and 48 (13.9%) did not. Before leaving the Hospital, 110 (31.9%) do wash hands, 235 (68.1%) do not wash their hands. After leaving the hospital, 95 (22.9%) do wash hand always, 182 (52.8%) sometimes and 68 (19.7%) do not care about washing hands. Patient relations washed their hands, 107 (31.0%) using water only, 210 (60.9%) used soap and water, 10 (2.9%) used ashes and water and 18 (5.2%) used sanitizer. Unfortunately, 17 (4.9%) do not have time to wash hands, to 11 (3.2%) washing hands was not necessary, 57 (16.5%) did forget and 45 (13.0%) hands always look clean but 119 (34.5%) do not have provisions for hand hygiene. Conclusion: The study supports the agenda of the world health organization (WHO) on patient and their relations safety programs, it is high time that developing countries including Nigeria formulated the much-needed policies for implementation of basic infection prevention practices in healthcare set-ups such as hand hygiene policy starting from Jos University Teaching Hospital.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2019, 7(6), 203-208. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-7-6-3
Pub. Date: December 22, 2019
4574 Views904 Downloads
by Peter D. Hart
Original Research
Background: Few national-level studies have examined the effects of both physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of PA and HRQOL to predict all-cause mortality in U.S. adults. Methods: Data for this research came from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and its 2011 mortality-linked National Death Index (NDI) file. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, min/day) was objectively determined by accelerometry and participants were categorized into low or high groups using the median. HRQOL was assessed by a single question asking participants to rate their general health. Participants rating their health as “good”, “very good”, or “excellent” were considered to have good HRQOL whereas those rating it “fair” or “poor” were considered to have poor HRQOL. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the independent effects of MVPA and HRQOL on all-cause mortality while controlling for covariates. Results: In the fully adjusted females model, participants were at greater risk of mortality if they engaged in low amounts of MVPA (Hazard Ratio (HR)=2.82, 95% CI: 1.02-7.85) and had poor HRQOL (HR=7.19, 95% CI: 2.30-22.51) with no significant (p=.133) MVPA-by-HRQOL interaction. Conversely, the equivalent males model saw a significant (p=.002) MVPA-by-HRQOL interaction, resulting in an analysis of simple effects. In the fully adjusted males with good HRQOL model, participants were at greater risk of mortality if they engaged in low amounts of MVPA (HR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.56-5.49). However, in the males with poor HRQOL model, MVPA could not significantly predict mortality (HR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.49-2.24). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that MVPA and HRQOL independently predict all-cause mortality in U.S. female adults. In U.S. male adults, MVPA predicts all-cause mortality only in those with good HRQOL.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2019, 7(6), 197-202. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-7-6-2
Pub. Date: December 15, 2019
7865 Views1319 Downloads
by Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Suzette Curtello, Sehlule Vuma, Helen Asemota and Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora
Case Study
This research looks at the seroprevalence of anti-Salmonella antibodies in humans and chickens from Jamaica, West Indies. These antibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and showed that 11.3% (6 out 53) human samples and 95.3% (102 out of 107) IgY samples had the presence of anti-Salmonella antibodies. These results suggest the presence of Salmonellosis as a contaminant in humans and endemic state in birds, which not necessarily means active disease.
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2019, 7(6), 194-196. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-7-6-1
Pub. Date: December 11, 2019
4976 Views866 Downloads