by Jennifer A. Tyndall, Richard Kamai and Daliya Chanchangi
Original Research
Background: Despite the efficacy of the Early Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) approach to child nutrition in reducing child mortality, few nursing mothers in Nigeria are willing to adopt this method of feeding. Objective: This research was therefore undertaken in order to assess the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on EBF of antenatal clinic attendees in North-eastern Nigeria. Study Design: Cross Sectional Community Survey. Methods: Two hundred and fifty expectant mothers attending the ANC clinical sessions at Specialist Hospital, Yola, Adamawa State, were recruited for this study. The mean age of the women was twenty eight. Data was generated from a corpus consisting of health talks and questionnaires on the respondents’ KAP on EBF during these clinical sessions at this health facility. Results: The results of the survey revealed the problems that inhibit or reduce the practice of exclusive breastfeeding to include the following: the assumption that colostrum is stale milk--84%; breast milk lacks sufficient nutrients--approximately 62%; and expressed breast milk is contaminated milk--just under 98%. With respect to the mother’s attitude to EBF, 60% believed that this method of feeding would flatten their breasts and 78% that EBF causes respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, over 64% thought that food supplements were ideal for infants and that EBF was suitable only for working mothers. Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate the lack of awareness and education on EBF. From both a national and international perspectives, poor maternal nutrition, inadequate support from spouses, family and even nurses and doctors are some of the constraints that limit the rate of practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Public health initiatives on the benefits of EBF need to be addressed, particularly at antenatal clinics and also through outreach programs that target mothers in the rural communities who have limited access to health care.low blood sugar
blood sugar control
reglan bez recepta
site reglan upute
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016, 4(3), 112-119. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-4-3-6
Pub. Date: May 31, 2016
23229 Views9443 Downloads1 Likes
by Ma Fujun, Liu Tianjiang, Tang Qian and Yang Yongxue
Original Research
Primary medical institutions have been plagued by the contradictory situation of strong creativity and low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements for a long time in China. In this paper, the status quo of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in primary medical institutions is analyzed, and the necessity of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in primary medical institutions is summarized. Further, the realistic paths for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the primary medical institutions are proposed. We further point out that it is necessary to transform the scientific and technological achievements of primary medical institutions with the aid of hospital alliance.cialis coupons free
eblogin.com cialis discount coupons online
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016, 4(3), 107-111. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-4-3-5
Pub. Date: May 17, 2016
9135 Views1837 Downloads
by Birku Reta Entele and Nnaemeka Vincent Emodi
Original Research
Low-income households in rural areas of Ethiopia are facing catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditure due to lack of proper financing mechanism complemented with unexpected health related shock. However, to smooth their health care consumer spending, they need to have a cost-effective health insurance. This study analyzes' Households Willingness to Pay (WTP) for health insurance and the potential market for this cost effective health insurance products. The data used in this study was collected from rural households in East Shewa zone, Adama Woreda, which constitutes about 500 household heads respondents. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with double bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) elicitation method was used to estimate respondents WTP for proposed health insurance technology. The result of the study shows that households' average WTP (considering their ability to pay) is higher than their cost of public health care and self-treatment per year at a national level on average. Variables such as farm income, frequent visit to the health center, age, education, and insurance cost (premium) are significant determinants of households' willingness to pay. For the hypothetical health insurance scenario, households do have enough willingness to pay to cover cost for public health care consumption expenditure if the payment mode is planned, conducive and once per year. The study implies valuable information for policy makers and concerned stakeholders such as the Ministry of health and different private insurance provider in health care financing.bystolic generic name
what is the generic for bystolic
cialis coupons free
link cialis discount coupons online
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016, 4(3), 98-106. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-4-3-4
Pub. Date: May 03, 2016
27627 Views7638 Downloads3 Likes
by Ouma J, Olang’ S, Asweto CO, Obago IT and Kaseje D
Original Research
Breast cancer, is the leading cause of cancer specific mortality. But nearly 80% of the mortality is preventable by early diagnosis. We assessed knowledge and practice of breast cancer prevention by women in a rural community setting. Data was collected on demographics, family history, knowledge and practice of breast cancer by interviewer administered questionnaire. Knowledge (including knowledge of risk) and practice were measured using a response-based score to a set of 9 and 10 questions respectively. Prevalence odds ratio was calculated to estimate association between independent and outcome variables. Knowledge of breast cancer risk was low (14.2%). Family history and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with knowledge; respondents with more than eight years of school were more likely to have higher knowledge (OR=2.859; CI=1.578-5.178). Practice of prevention was equally low (17.2%). Practice was significantly associated with knowledge; respondents with higher knowledge of prevention were more likely to practice prevention (OR=6.8; CI=3.308-14.104). We propose that community-based risk communication and awareness creating programs may motivate breast cancer prevention practices. Women of lower socio-economic status should especially be targeted with such interventions. There is need to develop these into a sustainable community-based health education program.pet prescription discount card
open lilly cialis coupon
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016, 4(3), 93-97. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-4-3-3
Pub. Date: April 26, 2016
10771 Views2619 Downloads2 Likes
by Laszlo-Zoltan Sztankovszky, Magdalena Iorga and Vasile Astaratoae
Original Research
The objective of the research is to identify pharmaceutical representatives’ opinions on some practices of drug dispensing amongst community pharmacists in Romania. Material and methods: 70 pharmaceutical representatives working with different pharmaceutical companies in Romania answered questions regarding practices of drug dispensing. Different variables were taken into account: age, gender, type of education, and length of employment time. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Results: over 70% of the pharmaceutical representatives consider that pharmacists counsel the patient regarding other drug brand names and take into consideration patient financial contribution when dispensing a certain drug. Regarding the relationship of the pharmacist with doctor and rep, 65% of pharmaceutical representatives consider the relationship with the doctor, and 40% the relationship with the rep, important when dispensing a drug. No important differences were identified in relation to the gender or type of education. Conclusion: the study provides information regarding pharmaceutical representatives’ opinions on practices of drug dispensing. More than 2/3 of the reps consider that pharmacists are counseling the patient regarding a drug to a high level.viagra coupons printable
paine.edu prescriptions coupons
amoxicillin bivirkninger
go amoxicillin rash
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016, 4(3), 88-92. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-4-3-2
Pub. Date: April 22, 2016
14469 Views3899 Downloads1 Citations
by Muhammad Israr, Naila Awan, Dawood Jan, Nafees Ahmad and Shakeel Ahmad
Original Research
The study was conducted during December, 2015 at the Community Health Center (CHC) of Human Development Foundation (HDF), Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with the objectives to study the services delivered by the CHC to the rural poor’s. For this primary data were collected by means of questionnaires from 120 female respondents and were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Findings pointed that that all of the respondents were satisfied for the medical care provided to them at the CHC and pointed that CHCs contribute in significant ways to the growth and stability of low-income neighborhoods. All of the respondents preference CHC for treatment even if another facility is made available and they are willing to always recommend CHC to her friends, relatives, family for treatment and they are more satisfied from CHC treatment rather than others. In conclusion it is to be said that the CHC plays a pivotal role in enhancing the health status of the rural population in district Mardan by providing all health care facilities to the rural population at the centers and the community/patients in majority situation were satisfied from the heath care system of CHC. It was recommended that that the CHC project must be extended to other rural areas of the district, so that majority of the population will be benefited from its interventions and also more attention should be given to the patient care by introducing modern health care facilities at the door step to the needy patient.prescription transfer coupon
site free prescription drug cards
low blood sugar
blood sugar control
cialis gel
open cialis forum hr
reglan bez recepta
site reglan upute
American Journal of Public Health Research. 2016, 4(3), 79-87. DOI: 10.12691/ajphr-4-3-1
Pub. Date: April 14, 2016
26847 Views4897 Downloads3 Likes