Derick Akompab Akoku, Mbah Abena Tihnje, Thomas A. Vukugah, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang and Robinson Enow Mbu. Association between Male Customer Sexual Harassment and Depressive Symptoms among Female Bar Workers in Yaounde, Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study.
. 2019; 7(2):41-47. doi: 10.12691/AJPHR-7-2-2
depression, sexual harassment, female bar workers, male customers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
[1] | Friborg M, Hansen J, Aldrich P, Folker A, Kjaer S, Nielsen M, et al. Workplace sexual harassment and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis comparing arassment from clients or customers to harassmentfrom other employees amongst 7603 Danish employees from 1041 organizations. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:675. |
|
[2] | Stop Street Harrassment. A National Study on Sexual Harrassment and Assault, Reston, Virginia, 2018. Available at http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Full-Report-2018-National-Study-on- Sexual-Harassment-and-Assault.pdf.Accessed 10 June 2018. |
|
[3] | Clancy K, Nelson R, Rutherford J, Hinde K. Survey of Academic Field Experiences (SAFE): Trainees Report Harassment and Assault. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(7): e102172. |
|
[4] | Jagsi R, Griffith K, Rochelle J, Perumalswami C, Ubel P, Stewart A. Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Experiences of Academic Medical Faculty. JAMA. 2016; 315(19): 2120-1. |
|
[5] | Marsh J, Patel S, Gelaye B, Goshu M, Worku A, Willians M, et al. Prevalence of workplace abuse and sexual harassment among female faculty and staff. J Occup Health. 2009; 51 314-22. |
|
[6] | Hutagalung F, Ishak Z. Sexual Harassment: A Predictor to Job Satisfaction and Work Stress among Women Employees. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci. 2012; 65: 723-30. |
|
[7] | McDonald P. Workplace Sexual Harassment 30 Years on: A Review of the Literature. Int J Manage Rev. 2011;14(1):1-17. |
|
[8] | Vuckovic M, Altvater A, Sekei L, Kloss K. "Sexual harassment and gender-based violence in Tanzania’s public service: A study among employees in Mtwara Region and Dar es Salaam". Int J Workplace Health Manage. 2017; 10(2): 116-33. |
|
[9] | Hanson G, Perrin N, Moss H, Laharnar N, Glass N. Workplace violence against homecare workers and its relationship with workers health. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15: 11. |
|
[10] | Gettman H, Gelfand M. When the customer shouldn’t be king: antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment by clients and customers. J Appl Psychol. 2007; 92(3): 757-70. |
|
[11] | Sychareun V, Vongxay V, Thammavongsa V, Thongmyxay S, Phummavongsa P, Durham J. Informal workers and access to healthcare: a qualitative study of facilitators and barriers to accessing healthcare for beer promoters in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Int J Equity in Health. 2016; 15: 66. |
|
[12] | Dumbili E. “She encourages people to drink”: A qualitative study of the use of females to promote beer in Nigerian institutions of learning. Drugs:Educ Prev Policy. 2016; 23(4): 337-43. |
|
[13] | Webber G, Spitzer D. Sexual and reproductive health issues facing Southeast Asian beer promoters: a qualitative pilot study. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 389. |
|
[14] | CARE Cambodia. A Report on the Situation of Beer Promotion Women in the Workplace, Cambodia: Results of a Harassment and Abuse Survey. Phnom Penh, CARE Cambodia 2005. |
|
[15] | ILO. The Mekong Challenge: Cambodia's Beer Promotion Girls, ther recruitment, working conditions and vulnerabilities. International Labour Organisation, Bangkok, Thailand. 2006. |
|
[16] | Chemonics. Beer Promotion Girls in Vietnam Learn HIV Risks, 2013. Available at http://www.chemonics.com/OurImpact/SharingImpact/ImpactStories/Pages/Beer-Promotion-Girls-in-Vietnam-Learn-HIV- Risks.aspx . Accessed 21 August 2017. |
|
[17] | Ghosh J, Wadhwa V, Kalipeni E. Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in the slums of Delhi and Hyderabad, India. Soc Sci Med. 2009; 68(4): 638-64. |
|
[18] | Chan D, Lam C, Chow S, Cheung S. Examining the job-related, psychological, and physical outcomes of workplace sexual harassment: a metaanalytic review. Psychol Women Q. 2008; 32: 362-76. |
|
[19] | Mushtaq M, Sultana S, Imtiaz I. The Trauma of Sexual Harassment and its Mental Health Consequences Among Nurses. J Coll Physicans Surg-Pak. 2015; 25(9): 675-9. |
|
[20] | Mamaru A, Getachew K, Mohammed Y. Prevalence of Physical, Verbal and Nonverbal Sexual Harassments and Their Association with Psychological Distress among Jimma University Female Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Eth J Health Sci. 2015; 25(1): 29-38. |
|
[21] | Houle J, Staff J, Mortimer J, Uggen C, Blackstone A. The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Depressive Symptoms during the Early Occupational Career. Soc Mental Health. 2011; 1(2): 89-105. |
|
[22] | Nielson M, Bjorkelo B, Notelaers G, Einarsen S. Sexual Harassment: Prevalence, Outcomes, and Gender Differences Assessed by Three Different Estimation Methods. J Aggress, Maltreatment Trauma. 2010; 19(3): 252-74. |
|
[23] | Tuckey M, Dollard M, Saebel J, Berry N. Negative workplace behaviour: Temporal associations with cardiovascular outcomes and psychological health problems in Australian polices' Stress and Health. J Int Soc Invest Stress. 2010; 26: 372-81. |
|
[24] | Akoku D, Tihnje M, Vukugah T, Tarkang E, Mbu R. Socio-economic Vulnerabilities and HIV: Drivers of Transactional Sex Among Female Bar Workers in Yaoundé, Cameroon. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13(6): e0198853. |
|
[25] | Whang W, Kubzansky L, Kawachi I, Rexrode K, Kroenke C, Glynn R, et al. Depression and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death and Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Results From the Nurses’ Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53(11): 950-8. |
|
[26] | Marques S, Pais-Ribeiro J, Lopez S. Use of the "Mental Health Inventory - 5" with Portuguese 10-15 years old. Span J Psychol. 2011; 14(1): 478-85. |
|
[27] | United Nations. Prohibition of discrimination, harassment, including sexual harassment, and abuse of authority, 2008. Secretary General’s Bulletin. Available at http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/fpsexualharassment.ht. Accessed 24 August 2017). |
|
[28] | Shen S-C, Huang K-H, Kung P-T, Chiu L-T, Tsai W-C. Incidence, risk, and associated factors of depression in adults with physical and sensory disabilities: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(3): e0175141. |
|
[29] | Andersen I, Thielen K, Nygaard E, Diderichsen F. Social inequality in the prevalence of depressive disorders. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009; 63(7): 575-81. |
|
[30] | Molla G, Sebhat H, Hussen Z, Mekonen A, Mersha W, Yimer T. Depression among Ethiopian Adults: Cross-Sectional Study. Psych J. 2016; Article ID 1468120. |
|
[31] | Poongothai S, Pradeepa R, Ganesan A, Mohan V. Prevalence of Depression in a Large Urban South IndianPopulation — The Chennai Urban Rural EpidemiologyStudy (Cures – 70). PLoS ONE 4(9):e7185. |
|
[32] | Dijk M, Yi N. Beer Selling Industry of Cambodia (BSIC) Project Monitoring Final Report-Human rights issues confronting women and girls in the Indian Ocean – Asia Pacific region. 2014. |
|
[33] | Racz K, Grumiau S. Promoting Decency? Report on the Situation of Beer Promotion Workers in Cambodia. Centre for Research and Multicultural Corporations, Amsterdam . Available at http://www.fairtradebeer.com/reportfiles/Promoting_decency_SOMO2012.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2017). 2012. |
|
[34] | Nelson C, Carroll K. Sexual Harassment: “Is It Just Me or Are You Hot?” Work and Quality of Life. 2012: 395-414. |
|
[35] | Popovich P, Warren M. The role of power in sexual harassment as a counterproductive behavior in organizations. Human Resource Management Review 2010; 20: 45-53. |
|