Bernadette Ateghang-Awankem, Laura DeLuca, Edwin Shadzeka and Kenneth Yongabi Anchang. Good Participatory Practice, Clinical Trials Awareness and COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Sub-Sahara Africa.
. 2021; 9(3):90-95. doi: 10.12691/AJPHR-9-3-1
stakeholder engagement, COVID-19, clinical trials, vaccine acceptance
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
[1] | J. V. Lazarus, S. C. Ratzan, A. Palayew, L. O. Gostin, H. J. Larson, K. Rabin, S. Kimball and A. El-Mohandes, “A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine,” Nature Medicine, 20 October 2020. |
|
[2] | T. K. Burki, “The Russian vaccine for COVID-19.,” Lancet Respir. Med., 4 September 2020. |
|
[3] | Pfizer, “www.pfizer.com,” Pfizer, 09 November 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against. [Accessed 18 November 2020]. |
|
[4] | Moderna, “Moderna’s COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Meets its Primary Efficacy Endpoint in the First Interim Analysis of the Phase 3 COVE Study,” Moderna, USA, 2020. |
|
[5] | AstraZenecca, 23 Vovember 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/azd1222hlr.html. |
|
[6] | Felter, “A Guide to global COVID-19 efforts,” https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/guide-global-covid-19-vaccine-efforts, February 5, 2021. |
|
[7] | B. Angela, “New study shares preliminary data on Pfizer vaccine’s effectiveness in Israel.aspx,” https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210211/, Feb 11 2021. |
|
[8] | K. Tom, “European doctors shun oxford-astrazeneca vaccine amid reports of side effects,” https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/, Saturday February 13 2021. |
|
[9] | C. John, “South Africa suspends use of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine after it fails to clearly stop virus variant,” https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/02/south-africa-suspends-use-astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-after-it-fails-clearly-stop,, Accessed 8 Feb. |
|
[10] | Astrazeneca, “COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca confirms 100% protection against severe disease, hospitalisation and death in the primary analysis of Phase III trials,” https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/, Accessed 3rd february, 2021. |
|
[11] | C. Michelle, “What Are the Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines?” https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2020/coronavirus-vaccine-side-effects.html, Updated February 4, 2021. |
|
[12] | H. Tim, “UK health regulator issues report on side effects of COVID-19 vaccines,” https://newseu.cgtn.com/news/2021-02-06/, February 6, 2021. |
|
[13] | Reuters staff, “China approves Sinovac Biotech COVID-19 vaccine for general public use,” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-sinovac-idUSKBN2A60AY, February 6, 2021. |
|
[14] | “Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. Manufacturing survey results analysis. June 29, 2020.” https://cepi.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/CEPI_Survey-of-global-drug-substance-and-drugproduct-landscape-June-2020_RELEASED-1.pdf, (accessed Feb 6, 2021. |
|
[15] | M. Enserink and J. Cohen, “Fact-checking Judy Mikovits, the controversial virologist attacking Anthony Fauci in a viral conspiracy video,” Science, 8 May 2020. |
|
[16] | W. Cornwall, “Officials gird for a war on vaccine misinformation,” Science, o3 July. |
|
[17] | M. Fadda, E. Albanese and L. S. Suggs, “When a COVID-19 vaccine is ready, will we all be ready for it?,” Int. J. Public Health, p. 711-712, 11 June 2020. |
|
[18] | WHO, “172 countries and multiple candidate vaccines engaged in COVID-19 vaccine Global Access Facility,” 24 August 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news/item/24-08-2020-172-countries-and-multiple-candidate-vaccines-engaged-in-covid-19-vaccine-global-access-facility. |
|
[19] | GAVI, “172 Countries multiple candidate Vaccines engaged in covid-19-vaccine Global Access,” 4 Semptember 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/172-countries-multiple-candidate-vaccines-engaged-covid-19-vaccine-global-access. [Accessed 26 November 2020]. |
|
[20] | BBC, “Covid Vaccine: WHO warns of ‘catastrophic moral failure’,” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55709428, 18th January, 2021. |
|
[21] | U. AD., “COVID-19 vaccines for all?,” Lancet, 2020; 395: 1822-23. |
|
[22] | T. Lancet, “Global governance for COVID-19 vaccines,” Lancet, 2020; 395: 1883. |
|
[23] | T. EIU, “Africa faces major obstacles to accessing Covid vaccines,” https://www.eiu.com/n/africa-faces-major-obstacles-to-accessing-covid-vaccines/, 25th Janauary, 2021. |
|
[24] | M. O. Folayan, B. Brown, B. Haire, C. P. Babalola and N. Ndembi, “Considerations for stakeholder engagement and COVID-19 related clinical trials’ conduct in sub-Saharan Africa,” Wiley Online Library, 15 August 2020. |
|
[25] | C. Hebenstreit, “How Technology Is Helping Increase Diversity In Clinical Trials,” Forbes Technology Council, 18 June 2020. [Online]. [Accessed 25 November 2020]. |
|
[26] | H. J. Riordan, D. Matheson, N. E. Drosopoulou and A. Khera, “Ensuring Diversity in COVID-19 Vaccine Registration Trials,” Journal for Clinical Studies, pp. https://www.jforcs.com/ensuring-diversity-in-covid-19-vaccine-registration-trials/, 16 October 2020. |
|
[27] | African CDC, “2020,” African Union, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/39350-doc-africa_cdc_consortium_for_covid-19_clinical_trials_-_eng.pdf, August. |
|
[28] | M. Makoni, “COVID-19 vaccine trials in Africa,” The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 04 September 2020. |
|
[29] | Oxford University, “Trial of Oxford COVID-19 vaccine in South Africa begins,” 1 July 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/news/trial-of-oxford-covid-19-vaccine-in-south-africa-begins. [Accessed 24 November 2020]. |
|
[30] | E. Henderson, “News Medical Lifesciences,” 17 August 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200817/Wits-University-begins-South-African-trial-of-Novavax-COVID-19-vaccine.aspx. [Accessed 24 November 2020]. |
|
[31] | P. Karugaba and A. Kenyangi, “www.Mondaq.com,” MONDAQ, 02 July 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.mondaq.com/food-and-drugs-law/960844/uganda-high-court-sets-guidelines-for-informed-consent-required-during-clinical-trials. [Accessed 18 November 2020]. |
|
[32] | P. Kaleebu, “www.trialsitenews.com,” TrialSite News, 11 August 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.trialsitenews.com/imperial-college-of-london-vaccine-to-be-tested-in-uganda-by-december-2020/. [Accessed 18 November 2020]. |
|
[33] | R. Kevin, “Oxford Covid vaccine has 10% efficacy against South African variant, study suggests,” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/08/ oxford-covid-vaccine-10-effective-south-african-variant-study, Accessed 8 Feb, 2021. |
|
[34] | Editorial, “COVID-19 vaccines: no time for complacency,” The Lancet, 21 November 2020. |
|
[35] | WHO, “Good participatory practice guidelines for trials of emerging (and re-emerging) pathogens that are likely to cause severe outbreaks in the near future and for which few or no medical countermeasures exist (GPP-EP),” World Health Organization, Geneva, 2016. |
|
[36] | WHO, “Good Participatory Practice for COVID-19: a toolbox,” World Health Organization, Geneva, 2020. |
|
[37] | NIA-NIH, “What Are Clinical Trials and Studies?,” National Institute on Ageing, 9 April 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-clinical-trials-and-studies. [Accessed 25 November 2020]. |
|
[38] | WHO-AFRO, “The African Vaccine Regulatory Forum (AVAREF),” World Health Organization, https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/immunization/avaref. |
|
[39] | W. SR, “National routine adult immunization programs among World Health Organization member states: an assessment of health systems to deploy future SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.,” MedRxiv 2020, Dec 16, 2020. |
|
[40] | S. L. Wilson and C. Wiysonge, “Social media and vaccine hesitancy,” BMJ Global Health, 23 October 2020. |
|
[41] | M. Schuster, Eskola and P. Duclos, “SAGE Working Group. Review of Vaccine Hesitancy: Rationale, Remit, and Methods.,” Vaccine. pp. 33(34):4157-4160, 2015. |
|
[42] | CDC, “CDC. Flu vaccination coverage, United States, 2018–19 Influenza Season. 2019.,” https ://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluva xview /cover age-1819e stima tes.htm. Accessed 3 Apr 2020, 2019. |
|
[43] | N. MacDonald, “Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, Scope and Determinants.,” Vaccine, pp. 33(34): 4161-4164., 2015. |
|
[44] | H. Larson, C. Jarrett, E. Eckersberger, D. Smith and P. Paterson, “Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: A systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012.,” Vaccine, pp. 32(19): 2150-9., 2014. |
|
[45] | E. Dubé, C. Laberge, M. Guay, P. Bramadat and R. Roy, “Vaccine Hesitancy: An Overview.,” Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics., pp. 9(8):1763-73, 2013. |
|
[46] | H. Larson, W. Schulz, J. Tucker and D. Smith, “Measuring Vaccine Confidence: Introducing a Global Vaccine Confidence Index.,” PLoS currents. p. 7, 2015. |
|
[47] | M. O. Folayan and B. Haire, “History, Culture, and Social Norms: Implications for Ebola Drug and Vaccine Clinical Trials,” MIT Press, https://covid-19.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/to7msdih/release/1, 2016. |
|
[48] | P. O. O. Tindana,, N. Kass and P. Akweongo, “The informed consent process in a rural African setting: A case study of the Kassena-Nankana district of Northern Ghana,” IRB Ethics and Human Research, 2006. |
|
[49] | A. Powell, “Vaccine close, but it likely won’t be a silver bullet,” The Harvard Gazette: Health and Mdicine, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/11/fauci-and-paul-farmer-see-slow-process-ahead-in-covid-battle/, 2020. |
|